A. Primary Housing Finance Market
A.1 Industry Structure and Performance
| Variable | End of 2018 | End of 2017 | End of 2016 | Sources | Var ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of firms originating and funding mortgage loans | Not available | Not available | Not available | A.1.1 | |
| Types of originating lenders/market share: | A.1.2 | ||||
| Universal/ commercial banks | 60% of total | 57% of total | 75% of total | Hypostat 2019 | A.1.2.1 |
| Other depository institutions (savings and loans/mutual savings and credit institutions) | Non-applicable | Non-applicable | Non-applicable | A.1.2.2 | |
| Non-depository financial institutions specialized in housing finance | Non-applicable | Non-applicable | Non-applicable | A.1.2.3 | |
| Others (e.g. insurance co, pension funds, labor tax funds) | 40% of total | 43% of total | 25% of total | Hypostat 2019 | A.1.2.5 |
| Identify the 3 largest loan originating lenders | ING Bank, Rabobank, ABN Amro | ING Bank, Rabobank, ABN Amro | ING Bank, Rabobank, ABN Amro | TheBanks.EU | A.1.3 |
| Are there (quasi) public mortgage lenders: | Yes | Yes | Yes | Government of the Netherlands | A.1.4 |
| Universal/ commercial banks | Yes | Yes | Yes | Government of the Netherlands | A.1.4.1 |
| Other depository institutions (savings and loans/mutual savings and credit institutions) | No | No | No | Research | A.1.4.2 |
| Non-depository financial institutions specialized in housing finance | No | No | No | Research | A.1.4.3 |
| General non-depository financial institutions | No | No | No | Research | A.1.4.4 |
| Others (e.g. insurance co, pension funds, labor tax funds) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Government of the Netherlands | A.1.4.5 |
| Typical lending spreads for mortgages | .26% | Not available | Not available | Dynamic Credit | A.1.5 |
| Level of Non-Performing Mortgage Loans (90 days or more past due): | A.1.6 | ||||
| as a % of # of loans | Not available | Not available | Not available | A.1.6.1 | |
| as a % of outstanding loan amount | 1.93% | 2.31% | 2.54% | World Bank | A.1.6.2 |
| Average 1997-2007 | A.1.7 | ||||
| as a % of # of loans | Not available | A.1.7.1 | |||
| as a % of outstanding loan amount | Not available | Not available | Not available | A.1.7.2 | |
| Lowest decile of the income distribution served by the dominant mortgage lenders | Not available | Not available | Not available | A.1.8 | |
A.2 Size of Mortgage Finance Sector
| Variable | End of 2018 | End of 2017 | End of 2016 | Sources | Var ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total amount of home mortgage loans outstanding at the end of year in millions of USD: | 831,718.84 USD (millions) | 856,067.54 USD (millions) | 743,111.94 USD (millions) | Hypostat 2019 | A.2.1 |
| Total amount of home mortgage loans outstanding at the end of year as % of GDP (current) | 89.9% | 96.87% | 89.44% | De Nederlandsche Bank | A.2.1.1 |
| Total amount of home mortgages made in calendar year in millions of USD | 125,057.18 USD (millions) | 109,338.83 USD (millions) | 89,655.67 USD (millions) | EMF | A.2.3 |
| and as % of GDP (current) | 13.74% | 13.14% | 11.44% | EMF | A.2.3.1 |
| Total # of home mortgage originations made in calendar year | Not available | Not available | 307,000 thousand | A.2.4 | |
| What % of total new mortgages is refinance? | Not available | Not available | Not available | A.2.5 |
A.3 Housing Finance Products
| Variable | End of 2018 | End of 2017 | End of 2016 | Sources | Var ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mortgage products as % of all mortgages (approx.) in local currency: | A.3.1 | ||||
| Fixed rate for life of loan | 84% | Not available | Not available | Hypostat | A.3.1.1 |
| Variable rate/discretionary | 16% | Not available | Not available | Hypostat 2019 | A.3.1.3 |
| Other fully amortizing loans (e.g. Rollover) | Not available | Not available | Not available | A.3.1.4 | |
| Non-fully amoritizing loans (e.g. Price level adjusted/Interest only) | Not available | Not available | Not available | A.3.1.5 | |
| Loans based on foreign currency as % of all mortgage products | Not available | Not available | Not available | A.3.2 | |
| Most prevalent type of foreign currency mortgage used: | A.3.3 | ||||
| Fixed rate for life of loan | Non-applicable | Non-applicable | Non-applicable | A.3.3.1 | |
| Variable rate/indexed | Non-applicable | Non-applicable | Non-applicable | A.3.3.2 | |
| Variable rate/discretionary | Not available | Not available | Not available | A.3.3.3 | |
| Other (describe in the Notes section) | Non-applicable | Non-applicable | Non-applicable | A.3.3.4 | |
| Most frequent interest rates on fully amortizing: | A.3.4 | ||||
| 10 year fixed rate mortgage | Not available | Not available | Not available | A.3.4.1 | |
| most common indexed ARM/10 year term | Not available | Not available | Not available | A.3.4.2 | |
| discretionary ARM/10 year term | Not available | Not available | Not available | A.3.4.3 | |
| 5 year roll-over/10 year term | Not available | Not available | Not available | A.3.4.4 | |
| foreign currency based 10 year FRM | Not available | Not available | Not available | A.3.4.5 | |
| Most frequent rate on interest only 10 yr FRM | 2.4% | Not available | Not available | DNB | A.3.5 |
| Typical lender fees associated with mortgage origination: | A.3.6 | ||||
| Fixed in amount | Not available | Not available | Not available | A.3.6.1 | |
| as % of loan amount | Not available | Not available | Not available | A.3.6.2 | |
| Typical third party fees associated with mortgage origination: | A.3.7 | ||||
| Appraisal fees | Not available | Not available | Not available | A.3.7.1 | |
| Title related fees | Not available | Not available | Not available | A.3.7.2 | |
| Legal fees | Not available | Not available | Not available | A.3.7.3 | |
| Search fees | Not available | Not available | Not available | A.3.7.4 | |
| Loan-to-Value (LTV) on first mortgage: | A.3.8 | ||||
| Maximum LTV | 100 | 101 | 102 | DNB | A.3.8.1 |
| Typical LTV at origination | 90.00 | Not available | Not available | Hypostat | A.3.8.2 |
| Maximum term over which pmt is calculated? | 30 years | 30 years | 30 years | IMF | A.3.9 |
| Mortgage pmt-to-income ratio | A.3.10 | ||||
| Maximum pmt-to-income ratio (HH income) | Not available | Not available | Not available | A.3.10.1 | |
| Maximum pmt-to-income ratio (Individual income) | Not available | Not available | Not available | A.3.10.2 | |
| Typical pmt-to-income ratio (HH income) | Not available | Not available | Not available | A.3.10.3 | |
| Typical pmt-to-income ratio (Individual income) | Not available | Not available | Not available | A.3.10.4 | |
A.4 Lending and Servicing Process
| Variable | End of 2018 | End of 2017 | End of 2016 | Sources | Var ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Does the mortgage industry use standard principles/guidelines for underwriting? | Yes | Yes | Yes | IMF | A.4.1 |
| Which institutions define underwriting rules? | A.4.2 | ||||
| Central Bank/Ministry of Finance | Yes | Yes | Yes | DNB | A.4.2.1 |
| Secondary market facility | No | No | No | A.4.2.2 | |
| Major Lender | No | No | No | Country Editor | A.4.2.3 |
| Other | Yes | Yes | Yes | Country Editor | A.4.2.4 |
| Are loan originations conducted by others than employees of lenders? | Not available | Not available | Yes | A.4.3 | |
| % of Originations done by brokers | Not available | Not available | Not available | A.4.3.1 | |
| % of Originations done on the internet | Not available | Not available | Not available | A.4.3.2 | |
| Others (Specify in Notes) | Not available | Not available | Not available | A.4.3.3 | |
| % of appraisals done by employees of lenders | Not available | Not available | Not available | A.4.4 | |
| Do third party servicing institutions exist? | Not available | Not available | Not available | A.4.5 | |
| % of loans serviced by originators/lenders | Not available | Not available | Not available | A.4.6 | |
A.5 Credit Risk Assessment
| Variable | End of 2018 | End of 2017 | End of 2016 | Sources | Var ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Do credit bureaus exist? | Yes | Yes | Yes | World Bank | A.5.2 |
| Are there legal/regulatory constraints to gaining access to credit information? | Not available | Not available | Not available | A.5.2.1 | |
| What percentage of mortgage originations use credit scoring? | 100% | 100% | 100% | Research | A.5.1 |
| Is mortgage default insurance available? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Bank of International Settlements | A.5.3 |
| When did it begin operating? | 1957 | 1957 | 1957 | Bank of International Settlements | A.5.3.1 |
| What is the typical MI product? | Upfront fee for national mortgage guarantee (NHG) loans | Upfront fee for national mortgage guarantee (NHG) loans | Not available | Bank of International Settlements | A.5.3.2 |
| Number of private mortgage insurers | Not available | Not available | Not available | A.5.3.3 | |
| Are credit guarantee systems used? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Nationale Hypotheek Garantie | A.5.4 |
| Is there public sponsored MI / guarantee? | Yes | Yes | Yes | IMF | A.5.5 |
| What % of the market does public MI / guarantee serve? | Not available | Not available | Not available | A.5.6 | |
| What share of total annual mortgage production is insured/guaranteed? | Not available | Not available | Not available | A.5.7 |
B. Funding Sources for Mortgages and the Secondary Mortgage Market
| Variable | End of 2018 | End of 2017 | End of 2016 | Sources | Var ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| What are the main funding sources for mortgages? | B.1 | ||||
| Retail funding (deposits/other) | primary | primary | primary | Fitch Ratings | B.1.1 |
| Funding through mortgage bonds | secondary | secondary | secondary | DNB | B.1.3 |
| Funding through securitization of mortgages | tertiary | tertiary | tertiary | Rabobank | B.1.4 |
| What % of Residential Mortgage Backed Securities is issued by centralized conduit or liquidity facility? | 0% | 0% | 0% | Dutch Securitisation | B.2 |
| Who are the investors in RMBS? | Pension funds, insurance companies | Pension funds, insurance companies | Pension funds, insurance companies | Financial Times | B.3 |
C. Housing Microfinance
| Variable | End of 2018 | End of 2017 | End of 2016 | Sources | Var ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Are non-collateralized housing micro-finance loans offered? | Not available | C.1 | |||
| Types of lenders operating in the housing micro-finance (HMF) sector: | C.2 | ||||
| Commercial banks | Not available | C.2.1 | |||
| Specialized non-depository MFIs | Not available | C.2.2 | |||
| NGOs | Not available | C.2.3 | |||
| Others | Not available | C.2.4 | |||
| None | Not available | C.2.5 | |||
| Typical lending spreads in HMF | Not available | C.3 | |||
| Level of NPLs (>90 days past due) in HMF | C.4 | ||||
| as a % of loans | Not available | C.4.1 | |||
| as a % of outstanding loan amount | Not available | C.4.2 | |||
| Are non-collateralized but secured housing finance products offered (e.g. secured by pension or insurance savings) | Not available | C.5 | |||
| Lowest income decile served with all non-collateralized housing lending products | Not available | C.6 | |||